The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes.
نویسندگان
چکیده
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect on cigarette sales rates when minors present identification (ID). DESIGN Controlled experiment in which minors attempting to purchase cigarettes either carried a valid photo ID (documenting they were minors) or carried no ID, and were instructed to show the ID or admit having no ID if the clerk requested proof of age. SETTING Census of retail stores in six urban and suburban Colorado counties. SUBJECTS Retail cigarette clerks, uninformed of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative risk (RR) of cigarette sale to a minor when ID was requested and presented versus requested but not presented. RESULTS When clerks requested ID, sales were more than six times as frequent if minors presented ID than if they did not (12.2% v 2.0%, RR 6.2, p < 0.0001). The relative risk remained substantially unchanged under adjustment for demographic and circumstantial covariates. CONCLUSIONS Presentation of photo ID in compliance checks increases illegal cigarette sales to minors. The impact may vary among states or locales and depends strongly on how often clerks request proof of age. Clerk training and responsible cigarette sales practices should include age calculations from photo ID. Programmes relying on investigative purchase attempts to estimate actual rates of cigarette sales to minors should ascertain and replicate local ID presenting behaviours that minors typically use during genuine attempts to buy cigarettes.
منابع مشابه
Predictors of different cigarette access behaviours among occasional and regular smoking youth.
BACKGROUND Understanding the different ways underage youth access tobacco is required in order to develop more effective tobacco access restrictions. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics that predict whether underage smoking youth buy their own cigarettes, buy their cigarettes from friends, or get someone else to buy their cigarettes. METHODS Logistic regression analyses w...
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Twenty-one 15- to 17-year-olds attempted to purchase cigarettes in 232 stores in the manner that confederates typically do in access studies, as well as in the manipulative ways (e.g., lying about their ages) that youth smokers do, thereby modeling youth access to tobacco within versus outside of studies, respectively. Youth typical-research versus manipulative behavior was contrasted with cler...
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OBJECTIVES Given that little is known about how youth access contraband cigarettes, the current study seeks to examine factors associated with how underage smoking youth report usually accessing contraband cigarettes. METHODS This study used nationally representative data collected from 41,886 students (grades 9 to 12) as part of the 2006-07 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey (YSS). Using data fro...
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OBJECTIVES To develop a simulation model to predict the effects of youth access policies on retail compliance, smoking rates, and smoking attributable deaths. METHODS A model of youth access policies is developed based on empirical research and a theory of perceived risk. The model incorporates substitution into other sources as retail sales are restricted, and is used to project the number o...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Tobacco control
دوره 11 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2002